18 May 2016

should have + past participle à°¤ెà°²ుà°—ుà°²ో




Should + have + past participle

This past modal verb is used hypothetically, to talk about things that didn't really happen in the past. (à°¦ీà°¨ిà°¨ి à°—à°¤ంà°²ో జరగని పనుà°² à°—ుà°°ింà°šి ఊహలను à°¤ెà°²ుà°ªుà°Ÿà°•ు ఉపయోà°—ిà°¸్à°¤ాà°®ు)
1.     Should have + past participle can mean something that would have been a good idea, but that you didn't do it. It's like giving advice about the past when you say it to someone else, or regretting what you did or didn't do when you're talking about yourself.
(ఇదొà°• advice ఇవ్వడం à°²ాంà°Ÿిà°¦ి à°•ాà°¨ీ జరిà°—ిà°ªోà°¯ిà°¨ à°¦ాà°¨ి à°—ుà°°ింà°šి. ఇలా జరిà°—ి à°‰ంà°¡ాà°²్à°¸ింà°¦ి à°…à°¨ి జరగని à°¦ాà°¨ి à°—ుà°°ింà°šి à°šింà°¤ింà°šà°¡ం à°•ూà°¡ా à°…à°µుà°¤ుంà°¦ి.)

Shouldn't have + past participle mean that something wasn't a good idea, but you did it anyway. (ఇది negative. ఇలా జరగకుంà°¡ా à°‰ంà°¡ాà°²్à°¸ింà°¦ి à°…à°¨ి à°šింà°¤ింà°šà°¡ం à°²ేà°¦ా advice ఇవ్వడం à°…à°µుà°¤ుంà°¦ి.)
v  I should have studied harder!
v  (à°¨ేà°¨ు à°¬ాà°—ా చదవాà°²్à°¸ి à°µుంà°¡ెà°¨ు. à°•ాà°¨ీ చదవలేà°¦ు. à°…ంà°¦ుà°•ే fail à°…à°¯్à°¯ాà°¨ు à°…à°¨ి à°…à°°్à°¥ం.)
v  I should have gone to bed early!
v  (à°¨ేà°¨ు à°¤ొందరగా à°¨ిà°¦్à°°à°ªోà°µాà°²్à°¸ింà°¦ి. à°•ాà°¨ీ à°ªోà°²ేà°¦ు. à°…ంà°¦ుà°•ే అలసిà°ªోà°¯ాà°¨ు à°…à°¨ి à°…à°°్à°¥ం.)
v  I shouldn't have eaten so much cake!
v  (à°¨ేà°¨ు à°…ంతలా cake à°¤ిà°¨ాà°²్à°¸ింà°¦ి à°•ాà°¦ు. à°•ాà°¨ీ à°¤ిà°¨్à°¨ాà°¨ు. Now I don't feel good.)
v  You should have called me when you arrived!
v  (à°¨ీà°µు à°šేà°°ుà°•ుà°¨్à°¨ తరుà°µాà°¤ à°¨ాà°•ు call à°šేà°¯ాà°²్à°¸ిà°µుంà°¡ెà°¨ు. à°•ాà°¨ీ à°šేయలేà°¦ు.).
v  Srujana should have left early, and then she wouldn't have missed the train.
v  (Srujana à°¤ొందరగా బయలుà°¦ేà°°ాà°²్à°¸ి à°µుంà°¡ెà°¨ు. à°…à°Ÿ్లయిà°¤ే train miss à°…à°¯్à°¯ేà°¦ి à°•ాà°¦ు.)
2.     We can also use should have + past participle to talk about something that, if everything is normal and okay, we think it has already happened. But we're not certain that everything is fine, so we use 'should have'. It's often used with 'by now'. (à°…ంà°¤ా సవ్à°¯ంà°—ా à°‰ంà°¡ిà°µుంà°Ÿే ఇప్పటిà°•ే ఇలా జరిà°—ి à°‰ంà°¡ేà°¦ి à°…à°¨ి à°¤ెà°²ుà°ªుà°Ÿà°•ు à°•ూà°¡ా à°¦ీà°¨ిà°¨ి ఉపయోà°—ిà°¸్à°¤ాà°®ు.)
  • The results should have released by now.
  • (Results ఇప్పటిà°•ే release à°•ాà°µాà°²్à°¸ి à°µుంà°¡ెà°¨ు.)
  • Shivani should have finished work by now.
  • (Shivani ఇప్పటిà°•ే పని à°ªూà°°్à°¤ à°šేà°¯ాà°²్à°¸ి à°µుంà°¡ెà°¨ు.)
More examples (Think of the meaning):
1.    I should have finished my syllabus by now.
2.    I shouldn’t have watched television late night.
3.    We should have learned using computers.
4.     They shouldn’t have quit the match until the end.
5.    We should have leaned the structure “should + have + past participle” by now.
6.    Anil should have returned the book.
7.    You should have practiced more, and then you wouldn’t have failed in the entrance test.
8.    Somebody should have called 108 immediately after the accident.




Should + have + past participle

This past modal verb is used hypothetically, to talk about things that didn't really happen in the past. (à°¦ీà°¨ిà°¨ి à°—à°¤ంà°²ో జరగని పనుà°² à°—ుà°°ింà°šి ఊహలను à°¤ెà°²ుà°ªుà°Ÿà°•ు ఉపయోà°—ిà°¸్à°¤ాà°®ు)
1.     Should have + past participle can mean something that would have been a good idea, but that you didn't do it. It's like giving advice about the past when you say it to someone else, or regretting what you did or didn't do when you're talking about yourself.
(ఇదొà°• advice ఇవ్వడం à°²ాంà°Ÿిà°¦ి à°•ాà°¨ీ జరిà°—ిà°ªోà°¯ిà°¨ à°¦ాà°¨ి à°—ుà°°ింà°šి. ఇలా జరిà°—ి à°‰ంà°¡ాà°²్à°¸ింà°¦ి à°…à°¨ి జరగని à°¦ాà°¨ి à°—ుà°°ింà°šి à°šింà°¤ింà°šà°¡ం à°•ూà°¡ా à°…à°µుà°¤ుంà°¦ి.)

Shouldn't have + past participle mean that something wasn't a good idea, but you did it anyway. (ఇది negative. ఇలా జరగకుంà°¡ా à°‰ంà°¡ాà°²్à°¸ింà°¦ి à°…à°¨ి à°šింà°¤ింà°šà°¡ం à°²ేà°¦ా advice ఇవ్వడం à°…à°µుà°¤ుంà°¦ి.)
v  I should have studied harder!
v  (à°¨ేà°¨ు à°¬ాà°—ా చదవాà°²్à°¸ి à°µుంà°¡ెà°¨ు. à°•ాà°¨ీ చదవలేà°¦ు. à°…ంà°¦ుà°•ే fail à°…à°¯్à°¯ాà°¨ు à°…à°¨ి à°…à°°్à°¥ం.)
v  I should have gone to bed early!
v  (à°¨ేà°¨ు à°¤ొందరగా à°¨ిà°¦్à°°à°ªోà°µాà°²్à°¸ింà°¦ి. à°•ాà°¨ీ à°ªోà°²ేà°¦ు. à°…ంà°¦ుà°•ే అలసిà°ªోà°¯ాà°¨ు à°…à°¨ి à°…à°°్à°¥ం.)
v  I shouldn't have eaten so much cake!
v  (à°¨ేà°¨ు à°…ంతలా cake à°¤ిà°¨ాà°²్à°¸ింà°¦ి à°•ాà°¦ు. à°•ాà°¨ీ à°¤ిà°¨్à°¨ాà°¨ు. Now I don't feel good.)
v  You should have called me when you arrived!
v  (à°¨ీà°µు à°šేà°°ుà°•ుà°¨్à°¨ తరుà°µాà°¤ à°¨ాà°•ు call à°šేà°¯ాà°²్à°¸ిà°µుంà°¡ెà°¨ు. à°•ాà°¨ీ à°šేయలేà°¦ు.).
v  Srujana should have left early, and then she wouldn't have missed the train.
v  (Srujana à°¤ొందరగా బయలుà°¦ేà°°ాà°²్à°¸ి à°µుంà°¡ెà°¨ు. à°…à°Ÿ్లయిà°¤ే train miss à°…à°¯్à°¯ేà°¦ి à°•ాà°¦ు.)
2.     We can also use should have + past participle to talk about something that, if everything is normal and okay, we think it has already happened. But we're not certain that everything is fine, so we use 'should have'. It's often used with 'by now'. (à°…ంà°¤ా సవ్à°¯ంà°—ా à°‰ంà°¡ిà°µుంà°Ÿే ఇప్పటిà°•ే ఇలా జరిà°—ి à°‰ంà°¡ేà°¦ి à°…à°¨ి à°¤ెà°²ుà°ªుà°Ÿà°•ు à°•ూà°¡ా à°¦ీà°¨ిà°¨ి ఉపయోà°—ిà°¸్à°¤ాà°®ు.)
  • The results should have released by now.
  • (Results ఇప్పటిà°•ే release à°•ాà°µాà°²్à°¸ి à°µుంà°¡ెà°¨ు.)
  • Shivani should have finished work by now.
  • (Shivani ఇప్పటిà°•ే పని à°ªూà°°్à°¤ à°šేà°¯ాà°²్à°¸ి à°µుంà°¡ెà°¨ు.)
More examples (Think of the meaning):
1.    I should have finished my syllabus by now.
2.    I shouldn’t have watched television late night.
3.    We should have learned using computers.
4.     They shouldn’t have quit the match until the end.
5.    We should have leaned the structure “should + have + past participle” by now.
6.    Anil should have returned the book.
7.    You should have practiced more, and then you wouldn’t have failed in the entrance test.
8.    Somebody should have called 108 immediately after the accident.

17 May 2016

Could have + past participle à°¤ెà°²ుà°—ుà°²ో



Could have + past participle

This past modal verb is used hypothetically, to talk about things that didn't really happen in the past. (à°¦ీà°¨ిà°¨ి à°—à°¤ంà°²ో జరగని పనుà°² à°—ుà°°ింà°šి ఊహలను à°¤ెà°²ుà°ªుà°Ÿà°•ు ఉపయోà°—ిà°¸్à°¤ాà°®ు)
1.      Could have + past participle: means that something was possible in the past, or you had the ability to do something in the past, but that you didn't do it. (à°—à°¤ంà°²ో à°’à°• పనిà°¨ి à°šేయగలిà°—ే అవకాà°¶ం à°µుంà°¦ి à°•ాà°¨ీ à°šేయలేà°¦ు à°…à°¨ే à°…à°°్à°¥ంà°²ో à°µాà°¡à°¤ాà°°ు.)
  • I could have stayed up late, but I decided to go to bed early.
(à°¨ేà°¨ు ఆలస్à°¯ం à°…à°¯్à°¯ేవరకు à°‰ంà°¡ే అవకాà°¶ం à°µుంà°¡ెà°¨ు à°•ాà°¨ీ à°¤ొందరగా à°¨ిà°¦్à°°à°ªోà°µాలని à°¨ిà°°్ణయింà°šుà°•ుà°¨్à°¨ాà°¨ు.)
  • They could have won the race, but they didn't try hard enough.
(à°µాà°³్à°²ు à°—ెà°²ిà°šే అవకాà°¶ం à°µుంà°¡ెà°¨ు à°•ాà°¨ీ తగిà°¨ంతగా à°ª్రయత్à°¨ింà°šà°²ేà°¦ు.)
  • Anil could have bought the book, but he borrowed it from his friend instead.
(Anil à°† bookà°¨ి à°•ొనగలిà°—ేà°µాà°¡ే à°•ాà°¨ీ అతని friend à°¨ుంà°¡ి à°…à°°ుà°µు à°¤ెà°š్à°šుà°•ుà°¨్à°¨ాà°¡ు.)
  • He could have studied harder, but he was too lazy and that's why he failed the exam.
(అతను à°¬ాà°—ా చదవగలిà°—ేà°µాà°¡ే à°•ాà°¨ీ à°¸ోవరితనం వల్à°² fail à°…à°¯్à°¯ాà°¡ు.)
2.      Couldn't have + past participle: means that something wasn't possible in the past, even if you had wanted to do it. (à°—à°¤ంà°¤ో à°’à°• పనిà°¨ి à°šేà°¦్à°¦ామనుà°•ుà°¨్à°¨ా à°šేయలేà°•à°ªోà°¯ే పరిà°¸్à°¥ిà°¤ిà°¨ి à°¤ెà°²ుà°ªుà°Ÿà°•ు à°µాà°¡à°¤ాà°®ు.)
  • I couldn't have arrived any earlier. There was a terrible traffic jam.
(à°¨ేà°¨ు వద్à°¦ామనుà°•ుà°¨్à°¨ా terrible traffic jam వల్à°² à°°ాà°²ేà°•à°ªోà°¯ేà°µాà°¨్à°¨ి.)
  • He couldn't have passed the exam, even if he had studied harder. It's a really, really difficult exam.
(à°…à°¦ి à°šాà°²ా à°•à° ినమైà°¨ పరీà°•్à°·, అతడు à°Žంà°¤ à°•à°·్టపడి à°šà°¦ిà°µిà°¨ా pass à°…à°¯్à°¯ేà°µాà°¡ు à°•ాà°¦ు.)
3.     We use could have + past participle when we want to make a guess about something that happened in the past. In this case, we don't know if what we're saying is true or not true. We're just talking about our opinion of what maybe happened. (à°—à°¤ంà°²ో జరిà°—ిà°¨ à°’à°• à°¸ంఘటణ à°—ుà°°ింà°šిà°¨ ఊహను à°ª్à°°à°¤ిà°ªాà°¦ింà°šుà°Ÿà°•ు ఉపయోà°—ిà°¸్à°¤ాà°®ు. à°…à°¦ి à°¨ిజమో à°•ాà°¦ో à°¤ెà°²ియదు. à°•ేవలం మన à°…à°­ిà°ª్à°°ాà°¯ాà°¨్à°¨ి à°¤ెà°²ుà°ªుà°Ÿà°•ు à°µాà°¡à°¤ాà°®ు.)

Why is
Shravan late?
  • He could have got stuck in traffic.
(Traffic à°²ో à°šిà°•్à°•ుà°•ుà°¨ి à°‰ండవచ్à°šుà°¨ు.)
  • He could have forgotten that we have a meeting today.
(అతను à°ˆ à°°ోà°œు meeting à°…à°¨ి మరచిà°ªోà°¯ి à°‰ండవచ్à°šుà°¨ు.)
  • He could have overslept.
(అతను à°Žà°•్à°•ువగా పడుà°•ుà°¨ి à°‰ండవచ్à°šుà°¨ు.)
4.    We can also use might have + past participle to mean the same thing: (3à°²ో à°šెà°ª్à°ªిà°¨ à°µిà°·à°¯ాà°¨్à°¨ే ఇలా à°•ూà°¡ా à°šెà°ª్పవచ్à°šుà°¨ు.)
  • He might have got stuck in traffic.
  • He might have forgotten that we were meeting today.
  • He might have overslept.


Could have + past participle

This past modal verb is used hypothetically, to talk about things that didn't really happen in the past. (à°¦ీà°¨ిà°¨ి à°—à°¤ంà°²ో జరగని పనుà°² à°—ుà°°ింà°šి ఊహలను à°¤ెà°²ుà°ªుà°Ÿà°•ు ఉపయోà°—ిà°¸్à°¤ాà°®ు)
1.      Could have + past participle: means that something was possible in the past, or you had the ability to do something in the past, but that you didn't do it. (à°—à°¤ంà°²ో à°’à°• పనిà°¨ి à°šేయగలిà°—ే అవకాà°¶ం à°µుంà°¦ి à°•ాà°¨ీ à°šేయలేà°¦ు à°…à°¨ే à°…à°°్à°¥ంà°²ో à°µాà°¡à°¤ాà°°ు.)
  • I could have stayed up late, but I decided to go to bed early.
(à°¨ేà°¨ు ఆలస్à°¯ం à°…à°¯్à°¯ేవరకు à°‰ంà°¡ే అవకాà°¶ం à°µుంà°¡ెà°¨ు à°•ాà°¨ీ à°¤ొందరగా à°¨ిà°¦్à°°à°ªోà°µాలని à°¨ిà°°్ణయింà°šుà°•ుà°¨్à°¨ాà°¨ు.)
  • They could have won the race, but they didn't try hard enough.
(à°µాà°³్à°²ు à°—ెà°²ిà°šే అవకాà°¶ం à°µుంà°¡ెà°¨ు à°•ాà°¨ీ తగిà°¨ంతగా à°ª్రయత్à°¨ింà°šà°²ేà°¦ు.)
  • Anil could have bought the book, but he borrowed it from his friend instead.
(Anil à°† bookà°¨ి à°•ొనగలిà°—ేà°µాà°¡ే à°•ాà°¨ీ అతని friend à°¨ుంà°¡ి à°…à°°ుà°µు à°¤ెà°š్à°šుà°•ుà°¨్à°¨ాà°¡ు.)
  • He could have studied harder, but he was too lazy and that's why he failed the exam.
(అతను à°¬ాà°—ా చదవగలిà°—ేà°µాà°¡ే à°•ాà°¨ీ à°¸ోవరితనం వల్à°² fail à°…à°¯్à°¯ాà°¡ు.)
2.      Couldn't have + past participle: means that something wasn't possible in the past, even if you had wanted to do it. (à°—à°¤ంà°¤ో à°’à°• పనిà°¨ి à°šేà°¦్à°¦ామనుà°•ుà°¨్à°¨ా à°šేయలేà°•à°ªోà°¯ే పరిà°¸్à°¥ిà°¤ిà°¨ి à°¤ెà°²ుà°ªుà°Ÿà°•ు à°µాà°¡à°¤ాà°®ు.)
  • I couldn't have arrived any earlier. There was a terrible traffic jam.
(à°¨ేà°¨ు వద్à°¦ామనుà°•ుà°¨్à°¨ా terrible traffic jam వల్à°² à°°ాà°²ేà°•à°ªోà°¯ేà°µాà°¨్à°¨ి.)
  • He couldn't have passed the exam, even if he had studied harder. It's a really, really difficult exam.
(à°…à°¦ి à°šాà°²ా à°•à° ినమైà°¨ పరీà°•్à°·, అతడు à°Žంà°¤ à°•à°·్టపడి à°šà°¦ిà°µిà°¨ా pass à°…à°¯్à°¯ేà°µాà°¡ు à°•ాà°¦ు.)
3.     We use could have + past participle when we want to make a guess about something that happened in the past. In this case, we don't know if what we're saying is true or not true. We're just talking about our opinion of what maybe happened. (à°—à°¤ంà°²ో జరిà°—ిà°¨ à°’à°• à°¸ంఘటణ à°—ుà°°ింà°šిà°¨ ఊహను à°ª్à°°à°¤ిà°ªాà°¦ింà°šుà°Ÿà°•ు ఉపయోà°—ిà°¸్à°¤ాà°®ు. à°…à°¦ి à°¨ిజమో à°•ాà°¦ో à°¤ెà°²ియదు. à°•ేవలం మన à°…à°­ిà°ª్à°°ాà°¯ాà°¨్à°¨ి à°¤ెà°²ుà°ªుà°Ÿà°•ు à°µాà°¡à°¤ాà°®ు.)

Why is
Shravan late?
  • He could have got stuck in traffic.
(Traffic à°²ో à°šిà°•్à°•ుà°•ుà°¨ి à°‰ండవచ్à°šుà°¨ు.)
  • He could have forgotten that we have a meeting today.
(అతను à°ˆ à°°ోà°œు meeting à°…à°¨ి మరచిà°ªోà°¯ి à°‰ండవచ్à°šుà°¨ు.)
  • He could have overslept.
(అతను à°Žà°•్à°•ువగా పడుà°•ుà°¨ి à°‰ండవచ్à°šుà°¨ు.)
4.    We can also use might have + past participle to mean the same thing: (3à°²ో à°šెà°ª్à°ªిà°¨ à°µిà°·à°¯ాà°¨్à°¨ే ఇలా à°•ూà°¡ా à°šెà°ª్పవచ్à°šుà°¨ు.)
  • He might have got stuck in traffic.
  • He might have forgotten that we were meeting today.
  • He might have overslept.

Latest Updates

Class 10

Class 9

Class 8

Class 7

Class 6

Class 1-5

Download Text Books n others

Grammar

Vocabulary

Phonemes

Discourse

EXERCIES FA's SA's

Project Work

SPOKEN ENGLISH MATERIAL

6th to 10th TELUGU PADYA PAATAALU

Children's Work

Top